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Title Solms-Braunfels Archive, Volume 3: Original Typescript in English
Date 29 Nov 1845 - 28 Mar 1855
Document Type Correspondence; Financial Papers
Reference 2Q359, Box 1
Library / Archive Briscoe Center for American History, University of Texas at Austin
Collection Name Solms-Braunfels Archives, 1842-1892
Description Contains English translations of German papers. Includes a file concerning the Central Administration of the Society for the Protection of German Immigrants in Texas comprising of letters, several of which are shared between T. Bromme, an expert on America, who published a handbook for emigrants and was employed by the society, and Count Carl of Castell. Letters here discuss protection required by emigrants and errors made by the society when sending initial families to Texas to settle on the lands allotted by the Fisher-Miller Land Grant.
Series Description Correspondence, legal and financial records, official documents, printed material and newspapers, daybooks, logbooks, reports and minutes of meetings of the Verein zum Schutze Deutscher Einwanderer in Texas. Materials are primarily in German. The collection contains transcripts of photostats made in 1929-1931, as well as detailed records of the Verein's financial affairs and extensive correspondence between the members and their business managers and with emigrants and would-be emigrants.
Biographical Note / History The Adelsverein, also known as the Verein zum Schutze Deutscher Einwanderer in Texas (Society for the Protection of German Immigrants in Texas), and later as the German Emigration Company, was provisionally organized on April 20, 1842, by 21 German noblemen at Biebrich on the Rhine, near Mainz. The Adelsverein was composed of German noblemen whose intent was to settle emigrants on the Fisher-Miller Land Grant in Texas, but instead they became the founders of New Braunfels and Fredericksburg and ran up a huge debt that they were never able to repay. The members of the Adelsverein hoped to solve some of the economic problems of the time and turn a profit for themselves while establishing an American trade base for Germany. After various attempts to secure land, the society finally acquired the Fisher-Miller Grant on the Llano River. Prince Carl of Solms-Braunfels was sent to Texas in July 1844 as commissioner general for the society and, in December, he received the first group of emigrants with whom he founded New Braunfels in March 1845. Almost from the beginning the society was in financial trouble; and although Otfried von Meusebach, later called John O. Meusebach, who took over as commissioner general after the first year, was able to keep the settlement running and also to establish Fredericksburg in 1846, the noblemen themselves were never able to pay off their debts and suffered serious personal financial losses. Few of the emigrants ever claimed their land in the Fisher-Miller Grant; but after surviving the ordeal of the first two years, New Braunfels and Fredericksburg became thriving communities. New Braunfels had become the fourth largest city in Texas by 1850. A knowledge of the history of the peregrinations of the records of the Verein zum Schutze Deutscher Einwanderer in Texas is necessary for an understanding of the contents of this collection. They were originally kept in Wiesbaden, the government seat of Nassau, since Duke Adolf of Nassau was the protector of the society. These records remained more or less intact and active until all shares of stock sold to pay off the society's debts should reach maturity and become obsolete. In 1891 the finance councillor who handled the society's business died and the new director, who was from Braunfels, asked for permission to store the archives of the society with the Braunfels archives. On January 8, 1893, the archives were moved and in 1894, the remaining stock certificates that had been redeemed were burned and the society became inactive. A few items such as newspapers and clippings were added to the collection through the years, especially New Braunfels publications, but the archives remained almost untouched. In 1929-1931 the collection was taken to Berlin where about 17,000 of the approximately 45,000 pages were photostated for the Library of Congress under the direction of Georg Smolka. An inventory of the collection was made at this time. Then in 1933 Rudolph Biesele, History Professor at The University of Texas and his students made transcripts of these photostats. In 1960 another inventory of the collection was made and a sizable number of documents was found to be missing. In 1965 a request to sell the archives to interested parties in the United States was received and submitted to the German Minister of the Interior who placed the question before a committee of experts to determine if this sale could take place in the light of a 1955 law to protect German cultural heritage against exportation. It was decided that this would be legal because the archives were not a real part of the Braunfels archives and because they would be of more value for research in the U.S. After the collection had been microfilmed, it was sold to a dealer in New York and disappeared from this time until 1985 when Yale University purchased them. All of these documents were microfilmed in 1966 and many of them photostated in 1931. Meanwhile the documents that had disappeared from the collection between 1931 and 1960 surfaced in Germany. A part of them was purchased by The University of Texas in 1965 and became the Verein Collection.
Theme(s) Colonisation Companies and Emigration Societies; Arrivals: Ports and Early Experiences
Country (from) Germany
Country (to) United States of America; Brazil
Places Dresden, Bremen, Stuttgart, Wiesbaden, Germany; Coahuila, Castroville, Houston, Texas, United States; Mexico
Ports Bremerhaven, Germany; Galveston, Texas, America
Nationality German; French; Belgian; European; American
Ships Neptune
People Bromme, T; Schultz, S; Castell, Herrn Carl Graf zu; Austin, Stephen Fuller (1793-1836); Flersheim, L H; Fischer, Henry F; Pritzelwitz, V
Keywords finance, German Emigration Company, emigration scheme, Society for the Protection of German Immigrants, debt, accounts, travel, colony, settlement, labour, administration, loan, immigrant, languages, economics, settlement, employment, health and sickness, newspaper, government, business, colony, advice literature, family, women, emigrant, transportation, unmarried, land grant, literature, contract, citizenship, empresario, trade, societies, social class, regulations, contract, politics, war, Mexican-American War, conflict, pull factors, publishing, Comanche, indigenous people, military, journey conditions, colony conditions, provisions, food, death, education, crime, national identity, currency exchange, banking
Additional Information Please note: Some of the metadata for this document has been taken from the Briscoe Center for American History, The University of Texas at Austin catalogue.
Language English; German
Document(s) linked to Solms-Braunfels Archive, Volume 3
Copyright Briscoe Center for American History, University of Texas at Austin